Team Members ()

Publications ()

News ()

Pages ()

Services ()

  • Our Team

    Our Team

    • Lawyers & Clerks
    • Leadership Team
    • Board of Directors
    • Human Resources
    • Marketing & Business Development
    • Paraprofessional Services
  • Our Services

    Our Services

    • Service Areas
      • Aboriginal and Indigenous Law
      • Administrative Law
      • Agribusiness
      • Banking and Financial Services
      • Bankruptcy and Insolvency
      • Business Disputes
      • Business Immigration
      • Class Actions
      • Construction Law
      • Corporate and Business
      • Corporate Finance and Securities
      • Corporate Governance and Compliance
      • Cross-Border Law
      • Education Law
      • ESG (Environmental, Social, & Governance)
      • Estates and Trusts
      • Environmental Law
      • Foreign Direct Investment
      • Franchise Law
      • Health Law
      • Insurance
      • Intellectual Property
      • Labour and Employment
      • Litigation
      • Maritime Law
      • Media & Entertainment
      • Municipal Law
      • P3 and Infrastructure
      • Pensions and Benefits
      • Privacy, Data Protection and Cyber Security
      • Public Law
      • Real Estate
      • Regulation of Professions
      • SISIP LTD Allowances Class Action
      • Tax
      • Technology
      • View All
    • Industries
      • Cannabis
      • Construction & Property Development
      • Emerging & High Growth Companies
      • Energy & Natural Resources
      • Financial Services
      • Government & Institutions
      • Insurance
      • Manufacturing, Processing & Sales
      • Mining
      • Ocean Economy
      • Private Clients
      • Technology
      • View All
    • More Services
      • MC Advisory
      • MC Legal Lab
  • Our Insights
  • Our Firm

    Our Firm

    • Our Values
    • Our History
    • Our Representative Work
    • Our Global Reach
    • Our News
    • Diversity & Inclusion
    • Collective Social Responsibility
    • Pro Bono Program
  • Our Careers

    Our Careers

    • Lawyer Opportunities
    • Business Professional Opportunities
    • Paralegal & Legal Assistant Opportunities
    • Summer Student & Articling Opportunities
    • Diversity & Inclusion
    • Collective Social Responsibility
  • 1.866.439.6246
  • Contact
  • Search
  • Stay Updated
  • Contact Us
  • LexMundi World Ready
  • Privacy Policy
  • http://linkedin.com
  • http://facebook.com
  • http://twitter.com
  • 1.866.439.6246
Home > Our Insights > Students with Learning Disabilities Have a Right to Education Comparable to that of the General Student Population in Moore v. British Columbia (Education)
Publication

Students with Learning Disabilities Have a Right to Education Comparable to that of the General Student Population in Moore v. British Columbia (Education)

Published:

January 8, 2013

Author(s):

  • Dominique Fontaine, Lawyer
  • James Thistle QC, Former Partner

Share

Print

On November 19, 2012, the Supreme Court of Canada (SCC) unanimously ruled a B.C. public school system’s failure to provide adequate and meaningful access to education to a student with severe dyslexia was discriminatory. The SCC found, based on the applicable BC legislation, that:

  • “education” is a service customarily available to the public; and
  • the “special education” required by students with learning disabilities is the means by which such education is meaningfully accessed.

The SCC thus recognized that all children have a right to education, and public school administrators have a positive obligation to ensure learning disabled children have meaningful access to such education. To fulfill this obligation, education administrators must:

  • adopt a proactive approach to understand and address how programming changes will affect learning disabled students; and
  • fully explore alternative ways to ensure they receive the means they require to be educated.

BACKGROUND

At age four, Jeffrey Moore entered kindergarten at a Vancouver public school.  Educators soon discovered Jeffrey needed additional support to learn to read, so the school provided him with remedial resources.  When Jeffrey was in Grade 2, a school psychologist concluded the remedial instruction was insufficient, and recommended Jeffrey attend the Diagnostic Center, a special needs program implemented and administrated by the School District.

As a result of subsequent Provincial budget cuts, the District closed the Diagnostic Center; it did not first undertake any assessment – financial or otherwise – into the impact of this decision on its ability to educate learning disabled students like Jeffrey, nor did it investigate alternative solutions to ameliorate any such impact or otherwise provide remedial services.  Furthermore, the District kept certain other, discretionary programs – like the Outdoor School Program – intact.  The closure left the District without the necessary remedial resources Jeffrey required.  It recommended Jeffrey’s parents enrol him in a specialized private school; with no alternative, Jeffery’s parents did so, at their own expense.  He remained there until his graduation.

Jeffrey’s father filed a human rights complaint against the Province of B.C. and the District alleging they discriminated against him by denying him a service customarily available to the public because of his disability, contrary to the B.C. Human Rights Code: his education.

TRIBUNAL AND LOWER COURTS

The B.C. Human Rights Tribunal decided the school system’s failure to offer the necessary means to educate Jeffery amounted to individual discrimination by the District, and to systemic discrimination against severe learning disabilities students by the District and the Province. It ordered the District to reimburse the Moores for all costs related to Jeffery’s private school tuition, and to make a further payment of $10,000.00 for pain and suffering.  The Tribunal ordered the District and the Province to correct the systematic discrimination.  Both entities asked B.C.’s Supreme Court to judicially review this decision on the basis it had made a legal error.

The BC Supreme Court ruled the Tribunal had made a legal error by comparing Jeffrey’s situation with that of the general student population rather than that of other special needs students.  Jeffrey’s family appealed this decision to the B.C. Court of Appeal, the majority of which agreed with the Supreme Court’s conclusion.

SUPREME COURT OF CANADA

The SCC unanimously agreed with the Tribunal that the District discriminated against Jeffrey because of his disability by failing to provide him with meaningful access to education.

The SCC ruled Jeffrey’s dyslexia was a “disability”.  The SCC then decided that the “service customarily available to the public” in this case was not merely access to “special education”, but rather to “education” generally.  Thus, the effect of the District’s actions on Jeffrey’s access to education must be compared to that of all students, not of other learning disabled students.

The SCC agreed with the Tribunal that there was ample evidence showing the District failed to provide Jeffrey the education to which he was entitled:

  • The evidence was clear that everyone – the District, its employees, and the experts involved in Jeffrey’s case – recognized and agreed that Jeffrey required intensive remedial services to have meaningful access to education.
  • The District closed the Diagnostic Center.  Further, it failed to first determine how such closure would affect students with severe learning disabilities, and to first solicit the input of employees with key roles in assisting such students. Before its closure, the District thought the Diagnostic Center was a useful service; the SCC concluded the decision to close the Diagnostic Center was solely financially motivated.
  • The District did not create any alternative means to provide Jeffrey with the remedial services he required to access an education: the only option was private school.
  • The District’s conduct was not justified for financial reasons.  The budgetary cuts were relevant, but the District disproportionately cut special needs programs. The SCC thus rejected the District’s argument that equality was unaffordable because it failed to consider other financial options to accommodate learning disabled students, and provide them with meaningful access to education, writing “[i]n order to decide that it had no other choice, [the District] had at least to consider what those other choices were”.

Respecting the Province, however, the SCC concluded the Tribunal did not have the authority to impose systemic remedies; furthermore, the complaint was individual to Jeffrey’s case and the impact on students with disabilities in general was not part of the human rights complaint. The SCC thus set aside the Tribunal’s orders against the Province.

Click here to read the SCC’s decision in Moore v. British Columbia (Education).

COMMENT

The SCC’s decision in Moore v. British Columbia (Education) is significant for several reasons:

  • The SCC decided under BC legislation that the “service customarily available to the public” is education generally, rather than “special education”, and thus a learning disabled child’s access to education must be compared to access by all children – not only by other learning disabled children.  This effectively raises the bar that education administrators in BC must meet.  For example, in the wake of budgetary cuts, education administrators may decide to cut all special needs programs equally – arguably negatively impacting all learning disabled equally.  However, in light of the SCC’s decision, this could breach human rights legislation.
  • The SCC recognized that all BC children have an equal right to meaningful access to education, and imposed a corresponding positive obligation on education administrators to take measures to ensure no student is denied such access because of a disability – regardless of their funding.
  • The decision demonstrates that education policies themselves, and not only the manner in which they are implemented, can form the basis of a human rights complaint.

Human rights legislation in all Atlantic Canadian provinces prohibits discrimination based on disability in the provision of a public service, and this decision will potentially have an impact well beyond B.C.  In light of recent budgetary cuts in the education sector imposed by some Provinces the SCC’s decision provides clarity and guidance for education administrators obligated to make program changes. While such administrators are financially dependent on their respective provincial governments, they must be mindful of any positive obligations imposed on them by legislation in their Province, to ensure all students have access to meaningful education when making decisions that could impact the education of students with learning disabilities.

Each Province has set its own standard for access to education by legislation, making a completely uniform overview impossible and requiring a case by case analysis.  However, in general administrators should keep in mind the following when contemplating spending options that could impact the education of learning disabled students:

  • Administrators should carefully consider their obligations under applicable provincial legislation to offer consistent access to education.
  • Administrators should evaluate – and document such evaluation fully – how budgetary cuts to, or the termination of, educational programs will affect students with disabilities.
  • The evaluation should include identification of alternative options, a financial assessment of each, and the input and opinion of key employees working closely with such students.

Please contact your McInnes Cooper lawyer or any member of our McInnes Cooper Labour and Employment Team to discuss this topic or any other legal issue.


McInnes Cooper has prepared this document for information only; it is not intended to be legal advice.  You should consult McInnes Cooper about your unique circumstances before acting on this information.  McInnes Cooper excludes all liability for anything contained in this document and any use you make of it.

© McInnes Cooper, 2013.  All rights reserved.  McInnes Cooper owns the copyright in this document.  You may reproduce and distribute this document in its entirety as long as you do not alter the form or the content and you give McInnes Cooper credit for it.  You must obtain McInnes Cooper’s consent for any other form of reproduction or distribution.  Click here to request our consent.

Share

Print
View Related Content

Related Lawyers

  • Dominique Fontaine lawyer mcinnes cooper

    Dominique Fontaine

    Partner

Related Services

  • Labour and Employment
  • Public Law
  • Litigation
  • Administrative Law
  • Education Law

Related Industries

  • Government & Institutions

Related Publications

View All Publications
  • Hacked Companies Can’t Be Tagged With “Intrusion Upon Seclusion”

    Jan 26, 2023

    In November 2022, the Ontario Court of Appeal definitively decided an organization whose information systems are breached by a malicious third…

    Read More
    Publication
  • Fair Registration Practices Legislation: 4 Key FAQs for Regulators

    Jan 18, 2023

    Regulatory bodies across Canada are finding themselves subject to increased scrutiny in light of concerns surrounding workforce shortages,…

    Read More
    Publication
  • 5 Key 2022 Labour & Employment Law Learnings for Employers

    Jan 16, 2023

    2022 is in the rearview mirror, but the past year left lasting implications for employers. Here’s a retrospective on five of the key 2022…

    Read More
    Publication
  • Plugging Into The “Right to Disconnect”: 5 Key Employer FAQs

    Dec 1, 2022

    The COVID-19 pandemic drove remote work to unprecedented heights. Employee calls for greater flexibility, and cost savings for employers, have…

    Read More
    Publication
  • Court Says B.C. Receiver Can Litigate Despite Arbitration Clause

    Nov 21, 2022

    On November 10, 2022, the Supreme Court of Canada examined the interaction of arbitration and bankruptcy and insolvency proceedings, deciding a…

    Read More
    Publication
  • N.L. Decision Demonstrates Why Legal Literacy of Regulators Matters

    Nov 8, 2022

    The October 3, 2022, decision of the Newfoundland and Labrador Court of Appeal to dismiss the decision of the Newfoundland and Labrador Pharmacy…

    Read More
    Publication
  • Day of Mourning for the Queen: What Employers Should Know

    Sep 15, 2022

    When Prime Minister Trudeau announced that September 19, 2022 would be a National Day of Mourning for Queen Elizabeth II, the Atlantic provinces…

    Read More
    Publication
  • Delay in Administrative Proceedings: 4 Key Take-Aways for Decision-Makers

    Jul 18, 2022

    The Supreme Court of Canada’s “Jordan” framework, introducing strict timelines for determining unreasonable delay in the context of…

    Read More
    Publication
  • Webinar | The Legal Case for Supporting Gender Diversity at Work

    Jun 23, 2022

    The current labour crunch is only strengthening the business case for building a workplace that’s welcoming to diverse employee pools –…

    Read More
    Webinar
  • P.E.I. Pay Transparency Legislation: 3 Employer Tips

    Jun 8, 2022

    Effective June 1, 2022, Bill 119 amended the P.E.I. Employment Standards Act to add new pay transparency provisions. One of the first of its…

    Read More
    Publication
  • Webinar | Employee Recruitment & Retention Strategies: Legal Risk Mitigation Tactics

    May 27, 2022

    The COVID-19 pandemic is (arguably) gone but the pre-pandemic labour crunch - for both white and blue collar workers - is back. And there’s no…

    Read More
    Webinar
  • Webinar | 3 Tactics to Expedite the Entry of Foreign Workers

    Apr 28, 2022

    The COVID-19 pandemic changed many aspects of the workplace for good – but pre-pandemic labour shortages isn’t one of them. While the…

    Read More
    Webinar
  • Atlantic Canada Minimum Wage Increases Effective April 1, 2022

    Apr 1, 2022

    While the Canada emergency response benefit (CERB) has ended, the focus on the concept of a universal or guaranteed basic income the COVID-19…

    Read More
    Publication
  • Advance Costs: Indigenous Perspective Pivotal in “Pressing Needs” Analysis

    Mar 31, 2022

    On March 18, 2022, the Supreme Court of Canada confirmed that an Indigenous government can still satisfy the impecuniosity requirement for an…

    Read More
    Publication
  • Webinar | Reconstructing the Post-Pandemic Workplace

    Mar 24, 2022

    COVID-19 public health restrictions are coming to an end, even though the COVID-19 virus is not. Employers face reconstructing their workplace…

    Read More
    Webinar
  • When Employee Participation in Public Protest Justifies Employer Discipline

    Mar 16, 2022

    In February 2022, thousands of people led by a convoy of trucks (many displaying company logos) from across Canada congregated in Ottawa and…

    Read More
    Publication
  • N.B. Local Governance Reform: 5 Key Local Government FAQs

    Mar 4, 2022

    On December 17, 2021, New Brunswick’s Local Governance Reform Act (Bill 82) amending the N.B. Local Governance Act (and other related acts and…

    Read More
    Publication
  • Webinar | Public Health Covid-19 Restriction Rollbacks: The Workplace Impact

    Feb 24, 2022

    As the Omicron wave wanes, and COVID-19 moves from pandemic to endemic, provincial governments have quickly pivoted to loosening – some even…

    Read More
    Webinar
  • P.E.I. Non-Disclosure Agreements Act: 3 Key Facts for Employers

    Feb 8, 2022

    This publication has been updated as at December 15, 2022. On May 17, 2022, the P.E.I. Non-disclosure Agreements Act took effect,…

    Read More
    Publication
  • Appeal Court Confirms Key Role of Courts & Injunctions to Resolve Disputes

    Feb 3, 2022

    On January 26, 2022, the British Columbia Court of Appeal extended an injunction preventing protesters from interfering with a logging…

    Read More
    Publication
  • Webinar | Mandatory Covid-19 Vaccination Policy Cases: Key Employer Insights

    Jan 27, 2022

    Since COVID-19 vaccinations rolled out, employers have grappled with workplace COVID-19  vaccination policies, with little guidance from courts…

    Read More
    Webinar
  • 6 (Liability) Reasons to Mitigate Your Privacy & Data Breach Risks

    Dec 16, 2021

    This publication has been updated as at December 21, 2022. The name of the game is to have a plan to mitigate the risk that a data breach…

    Read More
    Publication
  • Mandatory COVID-19 Vaccination Policy Cases: 3 Employer Insights

    Dec 14, 2021

    This publication has been updated as at January 26, 2022. Since COVID-19 vaccinations rolled out, employers have been grappling with how to…

    Read More
    Publication
  • Webinar | The Hybrid Workplace: from Haphazard to Intentional

    Nov 25, 2021

    As COVID-19 continues, many workplaces have morphed from remote work arrangements into hybrid arrangements for many employees. By necessity,…

    Read More
    Webinar
  • Enforcement of Foreign Judgments in Canada: “Carry On” With Care

    Nov 12, 2021

    On November 4, 2021, the Supreme Court of Canada clarified the law regarding when a judgment debtor “carries on business” for the purpose of…

    Read More
    Publication
  • Webinar | COVID-19 Labour & Employment Litigation Learnings

    Oct 28, 2021

    COVID-19 forced many employers to make temporary, and even permanent, changes to the terms of employees’ employment, from scheduling and…

    Read More
    Webinar
  • Northern Regional Health Authority v. Horrocks: Exclusive Jurisdiction Means Exclusive

    Oct 27, 2021

    On October 22, 2021, the Supreme Court of Canada, in Northern Regional Health Authority v. Horrocks, clarified that labour arbitrators have…

    Read More
    Publication
  • 7 Key COVID-19 Labour & Employment Litigation Learnings

    Sep 21, 2021

    This publication has been updated as at December 14, 2022. COVID-19 has been changing Canadian workplaces for 18 months. For some employees,…

    Read More
    Publication
  • The Limitation Clock: Supreme Court of Canada Refines Discoverability Rule

    Aug 3, 2021

    On July 29, 2021, the Supreme Court of Canada refined the test for determining when a plaintiff has discovered a claim for the purpose of a…

    Read More
    Publication
  • 3 Legal Tools to Help Foster a Diverse & Inclusive Workplace

    Jul 21, 2021

    Many now agree: it’s imperative that workplaces be both diverse and inclusive. Perhaps the most often-quoted (and definitely most succinct)…

    Read More
    Publication
  • Federal OHS Violence & Harassment Prevention: 10 Key Changes January 1, 2021

    Jun 15, 2021

    As of January 1, 2021, federally regulated employers (such as banks, telephone and cable systems, most federal Crown corporations,…

    Read More
    Publication
  • 10 COVID-19 Workplace Vaccination Policy Tips

    Jun 10, 2021

    This publication has been updated as at August 27, 2021. With the COVID-19 vaccine widely available, and the COVID pandemic continuing,…

    Read More
    Publication
  • Tax Implications of Working from Home During COVID-19: 10 Employer FAQs

    Mar 31, 2021

    Close to five million Canadians who didn’t usually work from home, did so in 2020 because of the COVID-19 pandemic. Even as public health…

    Read More
    Publication
  • Atlantic Canada Minimum Wage Increases Effective April 1, 2021

    Mar 15, 2021

    The COVID-19 Pandemic has focused more attention on the concept of a universal or guaranteed basic income that at any other time in modern…

    Read More
    Publication
  • 3 Tips to Exercise Contractual Discretion in Good Faith

    Mar 1, 2021

    The Supreme Court of Canada continues to develop and clarify the organizing principle of good faith performance in contract law. In its 2014…

    Read More
    Publication
  • 10 Employer FAQs About Employee COVID-19 Testing & Vaccination

    Feb 16, 2021

    This publication has been updated as at September 17, 2021. Employers across the country – including the federal government, some…

    Read More
    Publication
  • Contracting Chaos: 5 Key 2020 Employment Contract Lessons

    Jan 21, 2021

    Well-drafted, properly implemented written employment contracts are a key tool to avoiding or resolving disputes during and at the end of…

    Read More
    Publication
  • Waksdale v. Swegon North America Inc.: Cause for Termination Clause Concern

    Jan 20, 2021

    Termination clauses, particularly “without cause” ones, are among the most important clauses to include in any employment agreement. But the…

    Read More
    Publication
  • C.M. Callow Inc. v. Zollinger: 3 Tips to Honestly Exercise Contract Rights

    Jan 18, 2021

    The Supreme Court of Canada, in the 2014 case of Bhasin v. Hrynew, recognized a general organizing principle of good faith performance in…

    Read More
    Publication
  • P.E.I. Workplace Harassment Prevention Obligations: 5 Key Regulatory Changes July 1, 2020

    Nov 3, 2020

    This publication has been updated as at July 9, 2021. For some time, every Prince Edward Island employer has been required to comply with…

    Read More
    Publication
  • Matthews v. Ocean Nutrition Canada Ltd.: Employee Bonus Entitlement Lives On

    Oct 19, 2020

    On October 9, 2020, the Supreme Court of Canada delivered its decision in Matthews v. Ocean Nutrition Canada Ltd. on whether a former employee…

    Read More
    Publication
  • Playing it Safe: Employer Obligations To Employees Working From Home

    Aug 12, 2020

    This publication has been updated as of May 5, 2021. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has led many employees to continue working from home, by…

    Read More
    Publication
  • Uber Technologies Inc. v. Heller: One-Sided Standard Form Clauses May Be Unenforceable

    Jul 6, 2020

    On June 26, 2020, the Supreme Court of Canada released Uber Technologies Inc. v. Heller, a much-awaited decision regarding the enforceability of…

    Read More
    Publication
  • Temporary Immigration Measures Make Hiring Temporary Foreign Workers Easier

    May 14, 2020

    This publication has been updated as of April 23, 2021. Employers that hire and employ temporary foreign workers must comply with many and…

    Read More
    Publication
  • Callidus Capital Corp: Policing CCAA Proceedings

    May 11, 2020

    The Supreme Court of Canada recently released a much-awaited decision regarding the Companies’ Creditors Arrangement Act (CCAA). The CCAA is…

    Read More
    Publication
  • Coping with COVID-19: Planning for Business Reopening

    Apr 30, 2020

    While the world is still reeling from ongoing COVID-19 concerns, many provinces have announced plans to relax public health restrictions put in…

    Read More
    Publication
  • Coping with COVID-19: Employers’ Top 10 Immigration Law FAQs

    Apr 15, 2020

    The COVID-19 pandemic is disrupting more than Canada’s domestic workforce. It’s also disrupting Canadian employers’ access to temporary…

    Read More
    Publication
  • Atlantic Canada Minimum Wage Changes Effective April 1, 2020: More Than Wage Rates

    Apr 1, 2020

    Atlantic Canadian minimum wage rates (the lowest rate an employer is permitted to pay an employee) aren’t all that’s changing on April 1,…

    Read More
    Publication
  • Coping with COVID-19: (More) Employer FAQs

    Mar 27, 2020

    The COVID-19 novel coronavirus has evolved rapidly, and so have the workplace issues employers are facing – and the questions employers were…

    Read More
    Publication
  • Coping with COVID-19: Employer FAQs

    Mar 12, 2020

    The havoc that COVID-19 (a.k.a. “novel coronavirus” or SARS-CoV-2) is wreaking around the globe – and around workplaces – is about to…

    Read More
    Publication
  • Coping with COVID-19: 3 Legal Remedies for Contractual Liability Risks

    Mar 10, 2020

    The global COVID-19 (a.k.a. Coronavirus or SARS-CoV-2) outbreak has implications for many commercial relationships, its evolving nature and…

    Read More
    Publication
  • Bailey v. Temple: NL Appeal Court Cautions You Don’t Get More Release Than You Bargained For

    Feb 14, 2020

    NOTE: On July 23, 2021, the Supreme Court of Canada agreed with the Newfoundland & Labrador Court of Appeal’s decision respecting the law,…

    Read More
    Publication
  • Compton v. Toyota: N.L. Appeal Court Eliminates the Expert Fact Witness

    Jan 14, 2020

    On December 23, 2019, the Newfoundland and Labrador Court of Appeal effectively eliminated the category of “knowledgeable fact witness” in…

    Read More
    Publication
  • New Brunswick’s Enhanced Money Judgment Enforcement Regime

    Nov 18, 2019

    Effective December 1, 2019, the New Brunswick government will finally finalize the reform of N.B.’s money judgment enforcement regime with the…

    Read More
    Publication
  • Atlantic Canadian Employees’ Rights & Employers’ Obligations at Election Time

    Oct 10, 2019

    “Do the unexpected. Take 20 minutes out of your day, do what young people all over the world are dying to do: vote.” Rick Mercer (hailing…

    Read More
    Publication
  • 5 Key Changes to N.L. OHS Workplace Violence & Harassment Prevention Obligations January 1, 2020

    Sep 6, 2019

    This publication has been updated as at July 9, 2021. Violence and harassment is an unfortunate reality of society – and of the workplace.…

    Read More
    Publication
  • Transitioning Immigrant Physicians to Canadian Permanent Residence Status: 3 Key Paths

    Aug 8, 2019

    This publication has been updated as at January 12, 2022. Canadian provinces are looking to immigration as a solution to labour market…

    Read More
    Publication
  • Managing Social Media @ Work: 3 Steps to an Effective Workplace Social Media Policy

    Jun 5, 2019

    Like it or not, Canadians live life online. More people - and more employees - are sharing more information, images and opinions with more…

    Read More
    Publication
  • 5 Basics Every Startup & Growing Business Should Know About Employment Law

    Apr 8, 2019

    Growing a business takes people. In early days, many startups have just one “employee”: the founder. At some point, the founder might retain…

    Read More
    Publication
  • New N.B. Workplace Anti-Violence & Harassment Obligations April 1, 2019

    Feb 27, 2019

    This publication has been updated as at July 9, 2021. As of April 1, 2019, employers of New Brunswick employees must comply with new…

    Read More
    Publication
  • Webinar | No Joking Matter: Complying with N.B. Workplace Anti-Violence & Harassment Requirements

    Feb 22, 2019

    As of April 1, 2019, employers of New Brunswick employees must comply with new occupational health and safety law requirements specific to…

    Read More
    Webinar
  • Immigration Law Compliance: 5 Key Best Practices for Employers

    Jan 31, 2019

    There’s no shortage of warnings of a worker shortage in Canada – and the consensus seems to be that it’s only going to get worse. The…

    Read More
    Publication
  • Privacy Interest in Personal Computer Contents: Supreme Court of Canada Confirms Ownership Isn’t 9/10 of the Law in R. v. Reeves

    Dec 19, 2018

    On December 13, 2018, the Supreme Court of Canada confirmed that a third party can’t waive a person’s right to privacy or their rights under…

    Read More
    Publication
  • How Canada’s New Impaired Driving Penalties Will Impact Canadian Immigrants & Employers

    Dec 18, 2018

    On December 18, 2018, the maximum sentence possible for impaired driving (among other things) will increase as the result of amendments to…

    Read More
    Publication
  • 10 Burning Employer FAQs About Cannabis @ Work

    Dec 13, 2018

    This publication has been updated as of October 15, 2020. Canada became only the second country in the world to legalize cannabis (or…

    Read More
    Publication
  • It’s Not Fake News: Supreme Court of Canada Confirms Media Doesn’t Get Special Protection from Production Orders in R. v. Vice Media Canada Inc.

    Dec 4, 2018

    On November 30, 2018, a majority of the judges of the Supreme Court of Canada decided the media doesn’t get any special protection from the…

    Read More
    Publication
  • Webinar | 5 Key Immigration Law Compliance Best Practices for Human Resource Professionals

    Sep 28, 2018

    Immigration is one of the key solutions to looming (and current) worker shortages in Canada. But an employer that hires a foreign worker must…

    Read More
    Webinar
  • Sarah McInnes in workplace.ca | The Top 5 Immigration Law Facts Every HR Professional Should Know

    Sep 4, 2018

    Immigration is one of the key solutions to the looming (or in some cases, current) worker shortage in Canada. In her article, The Top 5…

    Read More
    Publication
  • Extended Parental Leave: What to Expect When Your Employee is Expecting

    Jul 16, 2018

    Every parent knows that a lot can happen in 18 months. Many employers agree. The federal government’s extension of employment insurance…

    Read More
    Publication
  • The Evolving Duty to Consult Indigenous Peoples: N.S. Court Recognizes a “Duty of Enforcement Consultation” in R. v. Martin

    Jun 29, 2018

    The Crown’s duty to consult Indigenous Peoples has evolved considerably since the Supreme Court of Canada’s first detailed articulation of…

    Read More
    Publication
  • Webinar | 5 Workplace Policy Areas to Manage Marijuana Risks

    Jun 27, 2018

    The legalization of recreational cannabis in Canada is imminent. Employers are feeling the heat to prepare – even as they continue efforts to…

    Read More
    Webinar
  • Defining the Boundaries: Protecting Privacy & Privilege of Digital Content @ the Canadian Border

    Jun 13, 2018

    Businesspeople (and their legal counsel) are on the road more than ever before: according to Statistics Canada, while Canada-U.S. traffic is…

    Read More
    Publication
  • Jurisdiction Over Internet Defamation: Same Law, Different Facts in Haaretz v. Goldhar

    Jun 11, 2018

    On June 6, 2018, the Supreme Court of Canada considered the test for jurisdiction over an allegedly defamatory Internet article – the…

    Read More
    Publication
  • Medical Marijuana, Residual Impairment & The Duty to Accommodate in Re Lower Churchill Transmission Construction Employers’ Assn. Inc. and IBEW, Local 1620 (Tizzard)

    Jun 8, 2018

    This publication has been updated as of September 28, 2020. In the last few years, many employers have been focused on preparing for and…

    Read More
    Publication
  • The Global Talent Stream: 5 Practical Learnings About the Latest Immigration Star

    May 24, 2018

    The Global Talent Stream is the central pillar of the Government of Canada’s recently launched Global Skills Strategy: an immigration program…

    Read More
    Publication
  • Accommodating Mental Disability: 5 Practical Tips

    May 11, 2018

    This article has been updated as of January 19, 2022. It can be challenging for employers to fulfill their legal duty to accommodate an…

    Read More
    Publication
  • N.S. Appeal Court puts a Lid on medical Pot: No health plan coverage & no workers compensation benefits in Canadian Elevator Industry Welfare Trust Fund v. Skinner & Skinner v. Nova Scotia (Workers’ Compensation Appeals Tribunal)

    Apr 26, 2018

    The N.S. Court of Appeal has reached two decisions ending one employee’s quest for coverage of the costs of his medical marijuana – at least…

    Read More
    Publication
  • 5 Practical Tips for Recruiting International Staff Physicians

    Apr 17, 2018

    This publication has been updated as at January 12, 2023. There’s no shortage of media coverage about a doctor shortage in Canada and the…

    Read More
    Publication
  • Webinar | #It’s Time: A 5-Step Sexual Harassment Risk Mitigation Strategy for Employers

    Apr 2, 2018

    Workplace sexual harassment isn’t a new issue, nor is it limited to any one industry or country – but it's one that far more women than men…

    Read More
    Webinar
  • More Valuable Than Money? The 5 Most Common Equity Compensation Plans

    Apr 2, 2018

    Equity compensation plans are a valuable and versatile tool for many corporations, from early-stage startups to established blue-chips.…

    Read More
    Publication
  • #It’s Time: A 5-Step Sexual Harassment Risk Mitigation Strategy for Employers

    Mar 29, 2018

    We updated this publication on March 11, 2020. The #metoo and #timesup movements drove workplace sexual harassment to the front and center of…

    Read More
    Publication
  • Don’t Bother Asking: Supreme Court of Canada Raises the Bar for Mandatory Injunctions in R. v. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC)

    Feb 15, 2018

    Mandatory interlocutory injunctions - court orders, made in the context of a lawsuit, that a party take positive action as opposed to refrain…

    Read More
    Publication
  • Be Diligent: 5 Practical Steps to Enforceable Workplace Policies

    Feb 2, 2018

    Many employers use written workplace policies as a day-to-day workplace management tool; common examples include attendance management policies,…

    Read More
    Publication
  • The Dope on Medical Cannabis Health Benefits: Key Considerations for a Coverage Strategy

    Jan 25, 2018

    Insurers have generally been leery of coverage for medical cannabis in both the health benefit claims and in cost of care claims in the personal…

    Read More
    Publication
  • How the Pros Get Into Canada: 5 FAQs About the NAFTA Professional Work Permit

    Jan 18, 2018

    The future of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), including NAFTA’s immigration-related provisions allowing cross-border mobility…

    Read More
    Publication
  • The Legal Reality: Canadian Appeal Court decides “Virtual Presence” is enough for production order for user information against non-Canadian company in British Columbia (Attorney General) v. Brecknell

    Jan 12, 2018

    Whether a provincial court will grant police a “production order” under the Criminal Code of Canada requiring a non-Canadian company to…

    Read More
    Publication
  • Denis Mahoney & Brittany Keating in the NLCA 2018 Construction Journal | Testing 1-2-3: The latest on drug & alcohol testing in safety-sensitive workplaces

    Dec 18, 2017

    The answer to the question, “What’s employers’ rationale for implementing workplace drug and alcohol testing?” is pretty…

    Read More
    Publication
  • 5 Helpful Holiday Hints for Human Resources

    Dec 8, 2017

    This article has been updated as of December 2, 2021. For many people, the holiday season now upon us is a fun-filled time of the year. But…

    Read More
    Publication
  • Protect Your Assets: 3 Best Practices for Intellectual Property (IP) Owners

    Oct 31, 2017

    Intellectual Property (IP) can be a valuable asset – even the most valuable asset – of a business. So it’s worth making sure the business…

    Read More
    Publication
  • No NAFTA? No Problem – For Temporary Business Travel, That Is

    Sep 22, 2017

    Canada’s most important trading relationship is – in all likelihood – about to change: the current U.S. administration has put the future…

    Read More
    Publication
  • 5 Employer “Family Status” Discrimination & Accommodation FAQs

    Sep 21, 2017

    This publication has been updated as at January 13, 2022. An increasing number of employees are struggling to meet the challenge of the…

    Read More
    Publication
  • Relief is Here: N.S. Registered Defined Benefit Plans Get Temporary Solvency Funding Relief

    Aug 11, 2017

    After years of low interest rates, and correspondingly high solvency liabilities, there’s growing recognition that the solvency funding model…

    Read More
    Publication
  • Crown Can Rely on National Energy Board to Fulfill its Duty to Consult

    Jul 28, 2017

    All stakeholders in any major project development already know that adequate consultation before - rather than after - a project is approved is…

    Read More
    Publication
  • Federal Human Rights Law: No Gender Identity or Expression Discrimination

    Jul 28, 2017

    This publication has been updated as of October 14, 2020. On June 19, 2017, Bill C-16, An Act to amend the Canadian Human Rights Act and the…

    Read More
    Publication
  • Take Pride @ Work: 5 Ways Employers Can Support Gender Diversity

    Jul 28, 2017

    This publication has been updated as at June 10, 2022.  The rapid rise in ESG (Environment, Social and Governance) principles has increased…

    Read More
    Publication
  • The Federal Court of Canada Puts the “Fair” in the Copyright Act’s “Fair Dealing” Exceptions in Canadian Copyright Licensing Agency v. York University

    Jul 18, 2017

    On July 12, 2017, the Federal Court of Canada made it clear that there are but two ways to avoid a tariff set by the Copyright Board of Canada…

    Read More
    Publication
  • Jack Graham in Canadian Lawyer InHouse: Deconstructing the Workplace

    Jul 13, 2017

    More employees are seeking flexible work arrangements as a new way of working to better juggle their family and personal responsibilities. In…

    Read More
    Publication
  • Watching Your Claims Go Up In Smoke? Five Key Medical Cannabis Cost of Care Considerations

    Jul 10, 2017

    The legal landscape of cannabis (a.k.a. marihuana, weed, pot …) is changing, both reflecting - and contributing to - more relaxed attitudes…

    Read More
    Publication
  • Go Global @ Home: Supreme Court of Canada Confirms Global Order to Remove Internet Content in Google Inc. v. Equustek Solutions Inc.

    Jun 28, 2017

    On June 28, 2017, the Supreme Court of Canada confirmed a Canadian court can issue an interlocutory injunction (an order requiring an entity or…

    Read More
    Publication
  • Like it or Not: Supreme Court of Canada decides class action against Facebook can go ahead in B.C. – despite its terms of use in Douez v. Facebook, Inc.

    Jun 23, 2017

    On June 23, 2017, the Supreme Court of Canada decided that in a contest between the choice of forum clause in Facebook’s online terms of use…

    Read More
    Publication
  • Supreme Court of Canada Puts Insurers on Notice in Saadati v. Moorhead: Proof of a Recognized Psychiatric Injury is Not a Precondition to Recovery

    Jun 5, 2017

    On June 2, 2017, the Supreme Court of Canada decided that where a plaintiff advances a claim for negligently caused psychological or psychiatric…

    Read More
    Publication
  • Canada v. Mikisew Cree First Nation: Court to Decide Whether Duty to Consult Also Applies Before Legislation is Enacted

    May 26, 2017

    On May 19, 2017, the Supreme Court of Canada agreed to hear the appeal of the Federal Court of Appeal’s 2016 decision in Canada v Mikisew Cree…

    Read More
    Publication
  • 5 Key Steps for a Proper Workplace Investigation

    May 19, 2017

    Investigations are a vital - but difficult - part of workplace management. The value of a proper investigation can’t be overstated: it plays a…

    Read More
    Publication
  • Bradley Proctor in the Workplace Environment Health & Safety Reporter

    May 16, 2017

    Recreational cannabis isn’t legal yet: Canada’s federal government has proposed legislation to legalize and regulate access to recreational…

    Read More
    Publication
  • Estate Planning in the Age of Medical Assistance In Dying (MAID)

    Apr 21, 2017

    In three years (lightning speed in the law), medically assisted dying went from being illegal to being legal. A great deal has changed, a great…

    Read More
    Publication
  • Cannabis Legalization in Canada: Seeds have sprouted, but the branches are still bare

    Apr 20, 2017

    On April 13, 2017, Canada’s federal government introduced legislation that, if passed into law, will legalize recreational cannabis in Canada.…

    Read More
    Publication
  • Nip it in the Bud: A 5 Step Plan for Employers to Prepare for Cannabis Legalization in Canada

    Apr 17, 2017

    Recreational cannabis isn’t legal yet - but much of the associated stigma is already gone, usage is up and employers are feeling the workplace…

    Read More
    Publication
  • Register Before You Lobby in N.B. under Lobbyists’ Registration Act

    Apr 5, 2017

    NOTE: Consultants who were already lobbying and in-house lobbyists already employed by an organization when the new Act took effect were…

    Read More
    Publication
  • Dust Off Your Limitation Defence: Court of Appeal Doesn’t Apply Extended Limitation Period in Yarmouth (District) v Nickerson

    Mar 15, 2017

    On March 9, 2017, the N.S. Court of Appeal stopped building inspection claims in their tracks when it decided that a defence based section…

    Read More
    Publication
  • The Atlantic Immigration Pilot Program (AIPP): 5 Key Opportunities & Risks for Employers

    Feb 22, 2017

    On January 1, 2022, the Atlantic Immigration Pilot Program became the permanent Atlantic Immigration Program (AIP). Learn more at From Pilot to…

    Read More
    Publication
  • 12 Key Do’s & Don’ts of Hiring & Firing

    Jan 31, 2017

    The hiring process and the termination process are equally important stages of the employment relationship – and both are full of minefields…

    Read More
    Publication
  • Confidentiality Risks of Doing Business With the Public Sector Just Got Riskier: Completed NS Access to Information Requests Go Online

    Jan 25, 2017

    Doing business with the public sector creates an often overlooked – but very real – risk that the confidential information a business…

    Read More
    Publication
  • Newfoundland & Labrador’s New Public Procurement Act

    Dec 19, 2016

    On December 14, 2016, Bill 46 and the Newfoundland and Labrador Public Procurement Act became law. The new Act isn’t yet in effect, however,…

    Read More
    Publication
  • 5 Employer FAQs About Religious Accommodation @ Work

    Dec 13, 2016

    Employers’ legal duty to accommodate employees seems to most frequently come up in the context of employees with disabilities. But that duty…

    Read More
    Publication
  • Newfoundland & Labrador: A New Public Procurement Act for 2017

    Dec 5, 2016

    It’s been a long time coming, but Newfoundland and Labrador is finally getting new public procurement legislation. On November 29, 2016, Bill…

    Read More
    Publication
  • Supreme Court of Canada Says Privilege Wins Again – Twice in Lizotte v. Aviva Insurance Company of Canada & Alberta (Information and Privacy Commissioner) v. University of Calgary

    Nov 28, 2016

    On November 25, 2016, the Supreme Court of Canada decided privilege wins again - twice. In two separate decisions - Lizotte v. Aviva Insurance…

    Read More
    Publication
  • Businessperson or “Business Visitor”: Canada’s Business Visitor Visa Rules

    Nov 22, 2016

    Canada’s most important trading relationship might undergo some change with the results of the 2016 U.S. election. Facilitating cross-border…

    Read More
    Publication
  • The 5 Key Elements of an Attendance Management Program (AMP)

    Nov 15, 2016

    The employment contract is an exchange of labour for wages and other benefits, so employers are entitled to expect regular ongoing attendance…

    Read More
    Publication
  • 3 Key Employment Law Steps to Take Now to Help You Sell Later

    Oct 19, 2016

    Business owners wear many hats – including employer. Your employees may be your business’s greatest asset, but they could also be your…

    Read More
    Publication
  • Uber Angst: Employees & Independent Contractors in the Sharing Economy

    Sep 29, 2016

    Whether someone is an employee or an independent contractor has long caused employers a degree of angst. And the recent emergence of a new…

    Read More
    Publication
  • Supreme Court of Canada Decides Indian Bands Assessing Leased Reserve Lands for Property Tax Purposes Can’t Have it Both Ways in Musqueam Indian Band v. Musqueam Indian Band (Board of Review)

    Sep 12, 2016

    On September 9, 2016, the Supreme Court of Canada decided in Musqueam Indian Band v. Musqueam Indian Band (Board of Review) that an Indian band…

    Read More
    Publication
  • Limitation Periods: Avoiding Hitting the Reset Button in Tuck v. Supreme Holdings

    Aug 17, 2016

    The Newfoundland and Labrador Court of Appeal recently affirmed the test for confirming a cause of action and thus resetting a limitation period…

    Read More
    Publication
  • Supreme Court of Canada Sticks With Presumptive Jurisdiction Tests for Forum Non-Conveniens in Lapointe Rosenstein Marchand Melançon LLP v. Cassels Brock & Blackwell LLP

    Jul 19, 2016

    On July 15, 2016 the Supreme Court of Canada, in a long-awaited decision, resisted the invitation to re-write the traditional rules for the…

    Read More
    Publication
  • No Union? No Problem: Supreme Court of Canada Decides Canada Labour Code Bars Dismissal of Non-Unionized Employees Without Cause in Joseph Wilson v. Atomic Energy of Canada

    Jul 15, 2016

    On July 14, 2016, the Supreme Court of Canada decided that the “Unjust Dismissal” sections of the Canada Labour Code ensure that…

    Read More
    Publication
  • DFO Decides “Last In, First Out” Policy (LIFO) is Out

    Jul 7, 2016

    On July 6, 2016, the Federal Department of Fisheries and Ocean’s (DFO) accepted the Ministerial Advisory Panel (MAP) recommendation in the…

    Read More
    Publication
  • Municipal Liability for ByLaw Enforcement: A Bylaw’s Not a Bylaw in Vlanich v. Typhair

    Jul 5, 2016

    The Ontario Court of Appeal has re-ignited the discussion about when a municipality will be held liable for its shoddy bylaw enforcement…

    Read More
    Publication
  • NS Dives into Pooled Registered Pension Plans (PRPP)

    Jun 30, 2016

    As of June 25, 2016, provincially regulated workers and employers in Nova Scotia, Quebec, BC and Saskatchewan can participate in Pooled…

    Read More
    Publication
  • Label Delicate: Workplace Dress Codes Test & Tips

    Jun 29, 2016

    Employers are entitled to mandate dress codes in the workplace, and even to discipline employees who refuse to comply. But a workplace dress…

    Read More
    Publication
  • The Parameters of Municipal Power: Supreme Court of Canada Decides Municipality Can’t Block Radiocommunication Tower Construction

    Jun 17, 2016

    In its June 16, 2016 decision in Rogers Communications Inc. v. Châteauguay (City), the Supreme Court of Canada decided a municipality’s…

    Read More
    Publication
  • FAQs About AMPs (Administrative Monetary Penalties) in the Canadian Offshore

    Jun 10, 2016

    Administrative monetary penalties, or “AMPs”, are a new phenomenon in the Canadian offshore. AMPs were introduced to the Newfoundland &…

    Read More
    Publication
  • Supreme Court of Canada Decides Income Tax Act Sections are Unconstitutional – and Strengthens Solicitor-Client Privilege in Canada (Attorney General) v. Chambre des notaires du Québec & Canada (National Revenue) v. Thompson

    Jun 6, 2016

    On June 3, 2016, the Supreme Court of Canada, in two related decisions, strengthened the legal protection of solicitor-client privilege in…

    Read More
    Publication
  • Newfoundland & Labrador Crown Immunity for Mechanics’ Lien Holdbacks: 3 Key Risks for Subcontractors in Brook Construction (2007) v. Blackwood Contractors Ltd.

    May 24, 2016

    It’s now certain: in Newfoundland & Labrador, liens can’t be placed on Crown land or holdbacks with the possible exemption allowing for…

    Read More
    Publication
  • A Red Flag for Municipalities & Developers: Supreme Court of Canada Decides Not Every Positive Covenant Under a Development Agreement Runs With the Land in Heritage Capital Corp. v. Equitable Trust Co.

    May 10, 2016

    On May 6, 2016, the Supreme Court of Canada generally affirmed the common law rule that positive covenants do not run with the land. More…

    Read More
    Publication
  • NS Poised to Take the Plunge into Pooled Registered Pension Plans (PRPPs)

    May 5, 2016

    NOTE: As of June 25, 2016, provincially regulated workers and employers in Nova Scotia, Quebec, BC and Saskatchewan can participate in Pooled…

    Read More
    Publication
  • The Legal Defence of Due Diligence: Top 5 FAQs

    May 2, 2016

    “Due diligence” is a legal defence to many charges under occupational health and safety (OHS) laws. Here are five of the most…

    Read More
    Publication
  • Supreme Court of Canada Decides Federal Government Has Legislative Authority Over Métis & Non-Status Indians

    Apr 19, 2016

    On April 14, 2016, the Supreme Court of Canada decided that Métis and “non-status Indians” are “Indians” under section 91(24) of the…

    Read More
    Publication
  • From Watershed Decision to Watershed Law: Government Proposes Physician-Assisted Dying Law in Bill C-14 An Act to amend the Criminal Code and to make related amendments to other Acts (medical assistance in dying)

    Apr 15, 2016

    On April 14, 2016, Canada’s federal Justice Minister proposed legislation setting out the conditions that a person wishing to undergo…

    Read More
    Publication
  • The Nuances of Labour Marketing Impact Assessments (LMIA): 2 Key Exemptions to Minimum Advertising Requirements

    Mar 29, 2016

    Applying for and obtaining a Labour Market Impact Assessment (LMIA) is a critical step in hiring a temporary foreign worker(s). Employers…

    Read More
    Publication
  • Doing Business With the Public Sector: Key Confidentiality Risks & 3 Risk Management Strategies

    Mar 24, 2016

    When a business responds to a public sector Request for Proposal or Expression of Interest (both of which we’ll refer to as an RFP for these…

    Read More
    Publication
  • Construction Project Manager Sentenced to 3½ Years for Workplace Accident in R. v. Vadim Kazenelson (aka “Metron”)

    Mar 9, 2016

    In what appears to be the first case of the conviction of a front line supervisor under section 217.1 of the Criminal Code and sentencing to a…

    Read More
    Publication
  • 3 Tips to Manage Employee Tardiness Due to Adverse Weather Conditions

    Feb 23, 2016

    Employee tardiness is a significant problem for employers - and bad weather is one of the top three reasons that employees give for it according…

    Read More
    Publication
  • The Top 12 Employment Contract Terms

    Feb 1, 2016

    This publication has been updated as at November 15, 2022. A well drafted and properly implemented written employment contract can be…

    Read More
    Publication
  • An Ounce of Prevention is Worth a Pound of Response: The W-5’s of Managing Conflict & Preventing Harassment, Bullying & Violence @ Work

    Dec 7, 2015

    Violence has become an unfortunate reality in current society, and the workplace is not immune. With more people spending more time at work,…

    Read More
    Publication
  • 10 of the Top Employers’ Attendance Management Problems

    Aug 13, 2015

    The employment contract, at its core, is an exchange of work for compensation. So at a very basic level, employers are entitled to expect…

    Read More
    Publication
  • A Glimpse Into The Future of Privacy Law: Medical Marijuana Privacy Breach Class Action Lawsuit Can Go Ahead in John Doe and Suzie Jones v. Her Majesty the Queen

    Jul 29, 2015

    On July 27, 2015, the Federal Court of Canada decided a lawsuit by medical marijuana program participants against the Federal Government…

    Read More
    Publication
  • Bad Faith & Production of an Insurer’s Business Information: 4 Key Implications of the NB Court of Appeal’s Decision in Wade v. Wawanesa Ins. Co.

    Jul 21, 2015

    On July 16, 2015, the New Brunswick Court of Appeal ordered an insurer to produce a significant amount of its financial and business information…

    Read More
    Publication
  • The Changing Face of Aboriginal Law: 1 Short Year, 2 Big Court Decisions, 3 Key Implications for the Energy & Natural Resources Sector

    Jul 17, 2015

    On the heels of National Aboriginal Day, we pause to take a look back at two significant Aboriginal law cases decided in the last year, how…

    Read More
    Publication
  • Unproven Aboriginal Rights Enough For Lawsuit Against Private Industry

    Jul 10, 2015

    On April 15, 2015, British Columbia’s Court of Appeal confirmed that First Nations can make certain legal claims grounded in Aboriginal rights…

    Read More
    Publication
  • 3 Reasons for Directors, Officers and Supervisors To Take Occupational Health and Safety Personally

    Jun 25, 2015

    Most people know that a company itself has OHS obligations, and that it risks corporate liability if it violates those obligations. However, not…

    Read More
    Publication
  • The New NS Missing Persons Act: 5 Privacy Implications for Businesses, Organizations & Public Bodies

    Jun 2, 2015

    Effective April 22, 2015 the NS Government enacted the NS Missing Persons Act, lowering the threshold for police to get an order to access…

    Read More
    Publication
  • SCC Gives Municipalities (& Other Government Authorities) 3 Reasons Not to Say A Little Prayer in Mouvement laïque québécois v. Saguenay (City)

    Apr 15, 2015

    On April 15, 2015 the Supreme Court of Canada decided the City of Saguenay’s recitation of a religious - though non-denominational – prayer…

    Read More
    Publication
  • 5 FAQs About Workplace Sex Discrimination

    Mar 31, 2015

    This publication has been updated as at June 24, 2021. Women make up close to half of the employed workforce: in 2019, Canadian women 15…

    Read More
    Publication
  • Final Form of New NS Limitation of Actions Act: “Sudden Death” Limitation is Out for Personal Injury Claims

    Feb 18, 2015

    The new NS Limitations of Actions Act – the legislation that determines the limitation period (time limit) in which a lawsuit must be started…

    Read More
    Publication
  • 5 Hot Tips to Help Employers Handle Office Romances

    Feb 13, 2015

    This publication has been updated as at January 26, 2022. With people spending so many of their waking hours at or connected to work these…

    Read More
    Publication
  • No More Criminalization of Physician-Assisted Dying: The Ripple Effects of A Watershed Decision in Carter v. Canada (Attorney General)

    Feb 9, 2015

    NOTE: On April 14, 2016, the federal government proposed legislation setting out the conditions that a person wishing to undergo…

    Read More
    Publication
  • Supreme Court of Canada Says the Charter Protects the Right to Strike in Saskatchewan Federation of Labour v. Saskatchewan

    Feb 2, 2015

    On January 30, 2015 the Supreme Court of Canada decided that the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedom’s protection for freedom of…

    Read More
    Publication
  • Bad Faith & Unfair Dealing in Employee Dismissal: 7 Lessons in 7 Years

    Jan 30, 2015

    In December 2014, the NL Supreme Court ordered an employer to pay its former employee $30,000 in moral damages to compensate him for the mental…

    Read More
    Publication
  • Privacy in Basic Cell Phones: SCC Continues Trend of Privacy Protection in R. v. Fearon

    Dec 11, 2014

    On December 11, 2014 the Supreme Court of Canada continued its trend to recognize privacy rights – and develop the law to protect them –…

    Read More
    Publication
  • 5 Tips to Manage Employer (Social) Host Liability

    Dec 5, 2014

    This article has been updated as of December 11, 2020. Employers host numerous events throughout the year – summer and holiday office…

    Read More
    Publication
  • Egg Films Epilogue: 5 Key Implications of NS Union Certification Based on “Industry” Dependence

    Nov 27, 2014

    Recently, the NS Court of Appeal confirmed that a union can be certified as the bargaining agent of employees based merely on their dependence…

    Read More
    Publication
  • Thou Shalt Not Lie: SCC Recognizes New Duty of Honesty in Contract Law in Bhasin v. Hrynew

    Nov 14, 2014

    On November 13, 2014, the Supreme Court of Canada (SCC) effected a significant development in Canadian contract law by recognizing the…

    Read More
    Publication
  • NS Proposes New Limitation of Actions Act: The 3 Top Benefits & The 10 Key Changes

    Nov 3, 2014

    Note: On November 20, 2014 the NS Government passed the final form of Bill 64, Limitations of Actions Act into law. The final form of the Act…

    Read More
    Publication
  • 5 New Obligations on NB Employers Effective September 1, 2014 in NB Employment Standards Act

    Sep 30, 2014

    Effective September 1, 2014 the NB government implemented five important changes to the NB Employment Standards Act – the minimum standards…

    Read More
    Publication
  • Changes to NB Rules of Court Effective October 1, 2014 Benefit Successful Party

    Sep 9, 2014

    Effective October 1, 2014, the New Brunswick Rules of Court will change – some Rules for the first time since they came into effect in 1982.…

    Read More
    Publication
  • Canada’s Temporary Foreign Worker Program Overhaul

    Jul 9, 2014

    On June 20, 2014 the Federal Government announced a major overhaul of Canada’s Temporary Foreign Worker Program. With stringent enforcement…

    Read More
    Publication
  • Court Orders Feds to Reconsider Canadian Forces Housing Compensation Policy in Brauer v. The Queen

    May 26, 2014

    On May 23, 2014 the Federal Court of Canada decided the Federal Treasury Board Secretariat’s interpretation of the policy for compensating…

    Read More
    Publication
  • Legal Update: Feds Crack Down On Employer Abuse Of Temporary Foreign Worker Program

    Apr 3, 2014

    On March 28, 2014 the Federal Government tabled Bill C-31 to implement the 2014 Federal Budget – including broad authority to impose cash…

    Read More
    Publication
  • Legal Update: More Changes to Federal Temporary Foreign Worker Program

    Jan 21, 2014

    On December 31, 2013, amendments to the Immigration and Refugee Protection Regulations and new Ministerial Instructions changing the Federal…

    Read More
    Publication
  • Privacy in Computer Contents: Supreme Court of Canada Picks Up Where It Left Off in R. v. Vu

    Nov 8, 2013

    On November 7, 2013, the SCC decided police require specific authorization in a search warrant to search the data in a computer because of the…

    Read More
    Publication
  • Privacy Trumps Safety: SCC Strikes Down Mandatory Random Alcohol Testing Policy

    Jul 2, 2013

    On June 14, 2013, the Supreme Court of Canada’s decision in Communications, Energy and Paperworkers Union of Canada, Local 30 v. Irving Pulp…

    Read More
    Publication
  • A Practical Analysis of “Material Fact”

    May 21, 2013

    In its April 2013 decision in Re Stan, the Alberta Securities Commission provides issuers with a practical approach to the assessment of both a…

    Read More
    Publication
  • Legal Alert: Federal Temporary Foreign Worker Program Changes

    Apr 30, 2013

    Note: Effective December 31, 2013, the Federal Government made additional changes to the Federal Temporary Foreign Worker Program. Click here to…

    Read More
    Publication
  • Legal Update: The Duty to Consult – Important Lessons from Canada’s Mining Sector

    Mar 15, 2013

    Recent developments in Ontario and Yukon are an important reminder of the practical implications of the Crown’s legal Duty to Consult with…

    Read More
    Publication
  • Supreme Court of Canada Confirms Employees May Have a Limited Reasonable Expectation of Privacy In Work Computer in R. v. Cole

    Nov 28, 2012

    On October 19, 2012 the Supreme Court of Canada (SCC) decided that a teacher criminally charged with possession of child pornography and…

    Read More
    Publication
  • Legal Alert: SCC Finds Limited Reasonable Expectation of Privacy In Work Computer But Evidence Still Admissible

    Oct 22, 2012

    Mr. Cole was a high school teacher with an employer owned and issued laptop computer.  He also used it for incidental personal purposes, which…

    Read More
    Publication
  • Court Confirms Reviewing Courts Should Give Early Due Deference to Administrative Decision-Makers

    Jul 10, 2012

    On March 16, 2012, the Supreme Court of Canada (“SCC”) confirmed the decision of the N.S. Court of Appeal, reinstating the N.S. Human Rights…

    Read More
    Publication
  • “Canada Day” Or “July 1st”: Which Is The “Holiday” For Employees?

    Jun 14, 2012

    As any Canadian knows, July 1st – Canada Day – is the first long weekend of the summer; or is it?  This year, July 1st falls on a Sunday. …

    Read More
    Publication
  • 10 Tips to Deal with Employee Discipline for Social Media Use

    Mar 1, 2012

    Social media represents a profound cultural shift and employers must adapt if they want to avoid unnecessarily – and potentially costly –…

    Read More
    Publication
  • Alert: Significant Changes to NS Human Rights Complaint-Handling Procedure Effective January 1, 2012

    Jan 5, 2012

    Effective January 1, 2012, NS’s Human Rights Commission will receive, investigate and handle complaints under NS’s Human Rights Act under a…

    Read More
    Publication
  • Multiple Extensions of Termination Date Nullify Termination Notice

    Dec 19, 2011

    In a decision with application to Atlantic Canada, the Ontario Court of Appeal found that an employer’s multiple extensions of a terminated…

    Read More
    Publication
  • NB Court of Appeal Upholds Mandatory Random Alcohol Testing Policy

    Aug 6, 2011

    Note: On June 14, 2013 the Supreme Court of Canada issued its decision in Communications, Energy and Paperworkers Union of Canada, Local 30 v.…

    Read More
    Publication
  • Ontario Court of Appeal Finds Reasonable Expectation of Privacy in Work Computer

    May 6, 2011

    In March 2011, the Ontario Court of Appeal found that an employee had a limited expectation of privacy in the contents of a work computer. The…

    Read More
    Publication
  • Changes to Federal Foreign Worker Regulations Effective April 1, 2011: A Serious Issue for Employers

    Mar 6, 2011

    In the midst of a sea of change, the Federal Government has enacted Regulatory changes significantly impacting employers who hire foreign…

    Read More
    Publication
  • Contamination Claims: Long Tails or Just Dogs? Practical and Legal Issues of Litigation Contamination Slow-Leak Cases

    Mar 6, 2009

    “Contamination Claims: Long Tails or Just Dogs? Practical and Legal Issues of Litigating Contaminant Slow-Leak Cases”, Cdn Journal of…

    Read More
    Publication

Stay Updated

Subscribe to McInnes Cooper to stay current with our leading insights on legal updates, trends, news, events, and services.

Connect With Us:
  • Follow us on Twitter @mcinnescooper
  • Like us on Facebook @mcinnescooperlaw
  • Join us on LinkedIn @mcinnes-cooper
  • 1.866.439.6246
  • Privacy Policy
  • Copyright © 2023 — McInnes Cooper
Lex Mundi Logo MC Advisory Logo